就像你可以绑定到 DOM 元素一样，你可以使用 bind:this 绑定到组件实例本身。
¥Just as you can bind to DOM elements, you can bind to component instances themselves with bind:this.
这在你需要以编程方式与组件交互（而不是通过为其提供更新的 props）的极少数情况下很有用。从 几个练习之前 重新访问我们的画布应用，最好添加一个按钮来清除屏幕。
¥This is useful in the rare cases that you need to interact with a component programmatically (rather than by providing it with updated props). Revisiting our canvas app from a few exercises ago, it would be nice to add a button to clear the screen.
首先，让我们从 Canvas.svelte 导出一个函数：
¥First, let’s export a function from Canvas.svelte:
Canvas
let canvas = $state();
let context = $state();
let coords = $state();
export function clear() {
context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}然后，创建对组件实例的引用：
¥Then, create a reference to the component instance:
App
let selected = $state(colors[0]);
let size = $state(10);
let showMenu = $state(true);
let canvas;App
<Canvas bind:this={canvas} color={selected} size={size} />最后，添加一个调用 clear 函数的按钮：
¥Finally, add a button that calls the clear function:
App
<div class="controls">
<button class="show-menu" onclick={() => showMenu = !showMenu}>
{showMenu ? 'close' : 'menu'}
</button>
<button onclick={() => canvas.clear()}>
clear
</button>
</div>1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
<script>
import Canvas from './Canvas.svelte';
import { trapFocus } from './actions.svelte.js';const colors = ['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'indigo', 'violet', 'white', 'black'];
let selected = $state(colors[0]);
let size = $state(10);
let showMenu = $state(true);
</script>
<div class="container">
<Canvas color={selected} size={size} /> {#if showMenu}<div
role="presentation"
class="modal-background"
onclick={(event) => { if (event.target === event.currentTarget) {showMenu = false;
}
}}
onkeydown={(e) => { if (e.key === 'Escape') {showMenu = false;
}
}}
>
<div class="menu" use:trapFocus>
<div class="colors">
{#each colors as color}<button
class="color"
aria-label={color} aria-current={selected === color} style="--color: {color}" onclick={() => {selected = color;
}}
></button>
{/each}</div>
<label>
small
<input type="range" bind:value={size} min="1" max="50" />large
</label>
</div>
</div>
{/if}<div class="controls">
<button class="show-menu" onclick={() => showMenu = !showMenu}> {showMenu ? 'close' : 'menu'}</button>
</div>
</div>
<style>
.container {position: fixed;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.controls {position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
padding: 1em;
}
.show-menu {width: 5em;
}
.modal-background {position: fixed;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
}
.menu {position: relative;
background: var(--bg-2);
width: calc(100% - 2em);
max-width: 28em;
padding: 1em 1em 0.5em 1em;
border-radius: 1em;
box-sizing: border-box;
user-select: none;
}
.colors {display: grid;
align-items: center;
grid-template-columns: repeat(9, 1fr);
grid-gap: 0.5em;
}
.color {aspect-ratio: 1;
border-radius: 50%;
background: var(--color, #fff);
transform: none;
filter: drop-shadow(2px 2px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
transition: all 0.1s;
}
.color[aria-current="true"] {transform: translate(1px, 1px);
filter: none;
box-shadow: inset 3px 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}
.menu label {display: flex;
width: 100%;
margin: 1em 0 0 0;
}
.menu input {flex: 1;
}
</style>